Lesson 6 – Demography

The demography of Mato Grosso do Sul reflects a diverse and growing population that contributes to the changing social paradigm of the state. Covering an area of approximately 357,125 km², the state had an estimated population of around 2.8 million inhabitants in 2023, according to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).

Population Distribution

The population of Mato Grosso do Sul is unevenly distributed across the territory. The main urban concentrations are around the capital, Campo Grande, which serves as the administrative and economic centre of the state. Other important cities include Dourados, the second largest municipality by population, and Corumbá, a key city in the west of the state that acts as an entry point to the Pantanal.

Demographic Growth

The state has experienced relatively stable population growth, driven by factors such as internal migration, economic development, and the expansion of agriculture. Alongside this, urban growth has been significant, with many cities expanding and modernising to meet the demands of these changes.

Ethnic and Cultural Composition

Mato Grosso do Sul is characterised by rich ethnic and cultural diversity. The population consists of descendants of Europeans, particularly Italians, Portuguese, and Germans, alongside Brazilians from other regions of the country. The presence of Indigenous communities is also notable, with several groups, such as the Guarani, Kaiowá, and Terena, maintaining their traditions and cultures. This diversity is reflected in the state’s festivals, cuisine, and practices.

Age Structure

The age structure of the population in Mato Grosso do Sul is similar to the national average in Brazil, with a significant proportion of young people and a growing elderly population. The state has a relatively high birth rate, but also faces challenges associated with an aging population and the need for adequate services and infrastructure for all age groups.

Migration and Urbanisation

Internal migration has played an important role in the state’s demographics, with many people moving to Mato Grosso do Sul in search of economic opportunities, particularly in agriculture and tourism. Urbanisation has been a prominent phenomenon, with the expansion of cities and the growth of urban centres driving economic and social development.

Education and Health

Mato Grosso do Sul has invested in education and health to improve the quality of life for its population. The presence of educational institutions, from schools to universities, and the development of healthcare systems have contributed to the well-being of the population and the social progress of the state.

The demography of Mato Grosso do Sul is a dynamic mix of population growth, cultural diversity, and urban development. The demographic structure of the state reflects both its historical traditions and modern changes, shaping a constantly evolving social and economic landscape.